Damage investigation of the 2004 sumatra earthquake and the. About 170,000 acehnese and minangkabau people died in the northern tip of sumatra while only 44 simeulue people passed away in the neighbouring simeulue island located near the earthquake epicentre. Nae website effects of the 2004 sumatraandaman earthquake. The indian ocean tsunami disaster that took place on 26 december 2004 killed an estimated 227,000 people, of which more than a third were children, displaced. The great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami of. Tsunami sumatra 2004, andaman indonesia 2004 sumatra andaman earthquake and tsunami. In the open ocean, tsunami waves can travel at speeds up to 800 km per hour or 500 mi.
Tsunami hazard mitigation for west sumatra earth observatory of singapore. The tsunami affected 12 countries in south and southeast asia and the northeastern coast of. Quick report on the study of the 2004 sumatra earthquake. The image on the left shows the area prior to the tsunami and, on the right, the area after the tsunami.
Aceh tsunami dec 26, 2004 main shock and after shocks within one day of the sumatra earthquake, december 26, 2004, usgs on sunday morning dec 26, 2004 banda aceh was holding a 10 k marathon and approximately residents were doing their daily exercise at blang padang square, where the suelawah. Here we present a report by an indian team funded by the government of india. More tsunami waves struck thailand two hours later, and other countries around the indian ocean were hit a few hours later. The sumatra andaman earthquake and subsequent asian tsunami of 26 december 2004 affected multiple countries in the indian ocean and beyond, creating disasters of a scale unprecedented in recorded history.
It was an undersea megathrust earthquake that registered a magnitude of 9. A marine volcanic eruption can generate an impulsive force that displaces the water column and gives birth to a tsunami. Sumatra andaman earthquake and tsunami 26 december 2004. For instance, the fault line of the 2004 sumatra earthquake was estimated as 1200km long and the rupture process lasted for about 10 min. A comprehensive inquirybased exercise for high school earth science classes. The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the rim of the indian ocean. This was a devastating wakeup call to coastal communities and tsunami research. Pdf the 2004 sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami in. North sumatra andaman islands tsunamis of december 2004 and march 2005 j. Pdf penultimate predecessors of the 2004 indian ocean.
A tsunami generating event took place in the region in 1883, when a cataclysmic volcanic eruption suddenly collapsed the island volcano of krakatau located between sumatra and java in indonesia, causing the deadliest tsunami in the region prior to 2004. Response and recovery in india after the december 2004. Animation of the 2004 tsunami propagation across the indian ocean, from sumatra to africa. Aug 23, 20 the december 26, 2004 indian ocean tsunami was caused by slippage of about 600 miles 1,000 kilometers of the boundary between the india and burma plates off the west coast of northern sumatra.
The sumatra earthquake and tsunami december 26, 2004. Sumatra earthquake 2004 an overview sciencedirect topics. More than half of those killed had lived in acheh province, sumatra, where the tsunami rose as high. The incredible media coverage of the sumatra earthquake and tsunami of december 26, 2004, provided the world with images provoking both incredible sadness at the tragic loss of life, and awe at the destructive release of energy from one brief convulsion of earths crust.
The sumatra earthquake of 2004 had a great effect on many indonesian countries. The humanitarian response to the 2004 indian ocean earthquake of a magnitude of 9. Numerical model simulations, combined with tidegauge and satellite altimetry data, reveal that wave amplitudes, directionality, and global propagation patterns of the 26 december 2004 sumatra tsunami were primarily determined by the orientation and intensity of the offshore seismic line source and subsequently by the trapping effect of midocean ridge topographic waveguides. Chapter 4 field survey and numerical simulation on the 2004 off sumatra earthquake and tsunami in thailand 4. The great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami of december 26, 2004 editors note.
Humanitarian response to the 2004 indian ocean earthquake. The 2004 indian ocean tsunami was the deadliest tsunami in known history, with over 227,000. A tsunami is a series of waves, not just a single wave. Tsunami event the indian ocean tsunami, december 26, 2004 main event page. Tsunami damage and debris on main coastal road, anse royale, mahe, december 26, 2004.
Over 36,000 died from the waves, which had a maximum. Indian ocean tsunami, 2004, figure 2 tsunami propagation across the west coast of banda aceh lhok nga subdistrict source. Prior to this event, only six of noaas deepocean assessment and reporting of tsunami, or dart, buoys were in place. Quick report on the study of the 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami effects department of civil engineering indian institute of technology kanpur iit kanpur organized a reconnaissance study of the affected areas of the december 26, 2004 m9. The earthquake that generated the great indian ocean tsunami of 2004 was an undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred at 7. The great sumatraandaman earthquake of 26 december 2004 pdf. This paper summarizes the observations of lifeline performance, building damage and its distribution, and the social and economic impact of the tsunami made by the earthquake. The sumatra andaman earthquake was one of the three largest earthquakes ever recorded. The tsunami of december 26, 2004 devastated thousands of communities along the coastline of the. By comparing the arrival times of the p and s waves on each. Shakingre lated damage was recorded only in the andaman and nicobar. In the march issue, we published reports on earthquake and tsunami impacts in northern sumatra and along the southeast indian coast. The sumatra earthquake and tsunami of december 2004. Dasha the rescue and relief work undertaken in theandaman and nicobar islands.
The sumatra earthquake proves that the gsn network is robust and sensitive enough to use for expanded tsunami detection and warnings if the right resources can be spent on supporting instrumentation and facilities. The sumatra andaman earthquake, which caused the 2004 indian ocean tsunami, is estimated to have released energy equivalent to 23,000 hiroshimatype atomic bombs. Dec 26, 2004 north sumatra tsunami the most devastating tsunami in modern time was triggered by the magnitude 9 north sumatra andaman island earthquake at 6. Pdf the sumatraandaman earthquake and subsequent asian tsunami of 26 december 2004 affected multiple countries in the indian ocean and beyond. The tsunami killed over 230,000 people, more than half of whom were in acheh provicne, sumatra, indonesia. Full text of the issue is available as a pdf on the nesta website. Chapter 1 the 2004 december northern sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunamis 1. Pdf sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami 26 december. The most destructive tsunamis sumatra, indonesia 2004. Lampuuk on the island of sumatra before and after the banda aceh earthquake on boxing day, 2004 december 26, 2004. The whole world was shaken by the massive earthquake and tsunami that struck indonesia. Response and recovery in india after the december 2004 great sumatra earthquake and indian ocean tsunami c. Indian ocean event page compilation of web links and data 5th anniversary of tsunami.
Ethnic groups response to the 26 december 2004 earthquake. Sumatra earthquake and subse quent indian ocean tsunami, the. Pdf 2004 indian ocean tsunami disaster in indonesia. In this lab, youll study seismograms from 3 different seismic stations recording the magnitude 9. Extensive seismic damage to engineering infrastructure occurred in northern and northwestern sumatra. Is there a best source model of the sumatra 2004 earthquake. What began as an undersea earthquake in the indian ocean ended as the most deadly tsunami in recorded history, with nearly 240,000 lives lost. Such a difference in the death toll does not lie in the nature of the hazard but in.
Mar 30, 20 the sumatra earthquake of 2004 had a great effect on many indonesian countries. Mar 11, 2008 the 26 december 2004 earthquake and tsunami unfairly hit the different ethnic groups of aceh, indonesia. The global reach of the 26 december 2004 sumatra tsunami. Tsunami generation and propagation in an open ocean. Chapter 4 field survey and numerical simulation on the. Forecast results shown below were created with the noaa forecast method using most model with the tsunami source. Damage investigation of the 2004 sumatra earthquake and the indian ocean tsunami on 26 december 2004, a great earthquake with magnitude of 9. Sumatra, indonesia earthquake and tsunami, 26 december 2004.
Tsunami sumatra 2004, andaman indonesia 2004 sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami the earthquake that generated the great indian ocean tsunami of 2004 was an undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred at 7. North sumatra andaman islands tsunamis of december 2004 and. It was caused by subduction with an epicentre off the west coast of the indonesian island. On 26 december 2004, the western coast and islands of sumatra, particularly aceh province, were struck by a tsunami following the indian ocean earthquake. A devastating tsunami was generated with wave heights. This paper summarizes the observations of lifeline performance, building damage and its distribution, and the social and economic impact of the tsunami made by the. The sumatra earthquake of december 26, 2004 share flipboard email print. The building inventory in patong beach consisted of a large number of nonengineered one to two story reinforced concrete and timber frame shops and hotels. Response and recovery in india after the december 2004 great. In this study, we refer to five published earthquake source parameters for the 2004 december 26 event resulting from data inversion.
The 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred at 00. The choice of the funwave model thus appears to be particularly appropriate for the 2004 sumatra tsunami kulikov et al. In responding to the sumatra earthquake and subsequent indian ocean tsunami, the national science foundation nsf funded multiple teams to work in the many affected areas. Other major tsunami generating earthquakes had occurred along segments of the subduction zone in.
A 1600 km faultline slipped 15 m along the subduction zone with the india plate slides under the burma. Anthony sladen, to this giant quake of 2004 was followed just four months later by the magnitude 8. Pdf sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami 26 december 2004. Indian ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of south and southeast asia in december 2004. Chapter 1 the 2004 december northern sumatra earthquake. The 2004 indian ocean tsunami caused by the great sumatra andaman earthquake was the first natural calamity that covered such large areas in modern times. Because of the northsouth direction of the fault line the tsunami was the strongest in the eastwest direction. Effects of the december 26, 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami. Nov 17, 2006 on december 26, 2004 a great earthquake m w 9. This tsunami caused death of more than 230,000 people and is considered as. Sumatra earthquake and tsunami indonesia december 26, 2004. We present stratigraphic, archeological and historical evidence for two closely timed predecessors of the giant 2004 tsunami on the northern coast of aceh, northern sumatra. The incredible damage and tragic loss of life resulting from the 9. The december 26, 2004 sumatra earthquake and tsunami.
This eyewitness assessment of damage from the earthquake and tsunami yields lessons for engineers. Pdf the sumatraandaman earthquake and tsunami of 2004. Tsunami or the harbour wave struck havoc in the indian ocean on the 26 th of december 2004. Some teams were supported by nsf through eeris learning from earthquakes. In banda aceh, the landmass closest to the quakes epicenter, tsunami waves topped 100 feet. The tsunami generated by the earthquake was recorded nearly worldwide and killed more people than any other tsunami in recorded history, almost 230,000 missing and presumed dead. The december 26, 2004 indian ocean tsunami was caused by slippage of about 600 miles 1,000 kilometers of the boundary between the india and burma plates off the west coast of northern sumatra. The rupture speed of fault plane during earthquake is usually much faster than that of the tsunami. The wave was the result of an earthquake that had its epicentre near the western boundary of sumatra.
This was the longest earthquake recorded, lasting between 500 and 600 seconds. The tsunami on december 26, 2004, was caused after an earthquake displaced the seabed off the coast of sumatra, indonesia. In taking a backwards look at the tsunami of december 2004, and the nature of the response on an international and local scale, it must be acknowl. Dasha the rescue and relief work undertaken in theandaman and nicobar islands and in mainland india after the 26 december 2004 indian. This is the first direct evidence that a tsunami played a role in a. More than 170,000 indonesians were killed, primarily in aceh. The tsunami with an estimated height of over 30 m impacted all indian ocean countries. The tsunami heights in some places were extremely high. On 26 december 2004, the earthquake, which struck off the northwest coast of the indonesian island of sumatra, generated a tsunami that wreaked havoc along much of the rim of the indian ocean. Sumatra on december 26, 2004 was the third largest earthquake in the world. The 2004 indian ocean earthquake and tsunami also known as the boxing day tsunami occurred at 00.
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